July 5, 1811: The Birth of a Free Nation

A historical overview of Venezuela’s Independence Day

July 5, 1811, stands as a defining moment in Venezuela’s history. On this day, over two centuries ago, representatives from seven provinces of what was then the Captaincy General of Venezuela signed the Declaration of Independence, breaking ties with the Spanish Crown and establishing one of the first republics in Latin America.

A broader context

In the early 19th century, much of Latin America was still under colonial rule. However, the Enlightenment ideals of liberty and self-governance, combined with major global events like the French Revolution, the American War of Independence, and the weakening of the Spanish monarchy during Napoleon’s invasion of Spain in 1808, sparked revolutionary movements across the continent.

In Venezuela, dissatisfaction with colonial rule grew among the criollo elite (those of Spanish descent born in the Americas), who demanded greater autonomy and equal rights within a more just and inclusive society.

The Congress and the Declaration

On March 2, 1811, Venezuela’s first autonomous national congress convened in Caracas. After months of intense debate, on July 5, representatives from the provinces of Caracas, Cumaná, Barinas, Margarita, Barcelona, Mérida, and Trujillo voted to formally declare independence from Spain.

This declaration was more than a political gesture. It was a bold affirmation of the right of a people to govern themselves, based on democratic principles, civil liberties, and the rejection of colonial domination.

The long road to freedom

Although the signing of the Declaration of Independence marked a symbolic beginning, the path to true independence was long and difficult. The First Republic soon fell in 1812 under pressure from loyalist Spanish forces, and a prolonged conflict ensued.

Led by key figures like Simón Bolívar, Francisco de Miranda, and Antonio José de Sucre, the independence movement eventually prevailed. Victory was solidified in 1821 with the Battle of Carabobo, which paved the way for Venezuela’s full emancipation and its inclusion in the short-lived but influential Gran Colombia federation.

The legacy of July 5

Venezuela’s Independence Day is not just a historical date. It is a symbol of national identity and a powerful reminder of the ideals of liberty, self-determination, and collective resilience.

Every year on July 5, Venezuelans reflect on the sacrifices made to secure a free republic and reaffirm their commitment to justice, unity, and democratic values.

For Venezuelans abroad

For the Venezuelan diaspora living in Hungary and across Europe, this date also serves as a moment to reconnect with cultural roots and share Venezuela’s rich history with others.

At the Venezuelan-Hungarian Association (VEHU), we believe that remembering where we come from is essential to building bridges in the present. Celebrating our independence is not just about looking back — it’s about honoring our responsibility to move forward, with dignity and hope, as individuals and as a people.

The Signing of the Venezuelan Declaration of Independence – Painting by Juan Lovera